en بیوشیمی Biochemistry Research Article Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by progressive bone destruction and pathological new bone formation. Sestrin2 is activated in inflammatory and oxidative responses and protects cells from injury. Sestrin inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation, is induced following stimulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and promotes bone resorption. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired Sestrin2/NRF2 signaling may lead to increased oxidative stress, thereby enhancing NFATc1 activity and exacerbating bone destruction in AS. This study analyzed the expression of these genes in newly diagnosed AS patients and AS patients receiving etanercept, an anti-tumor necrosis factor (Anti-TNF) drug, compared with a control group.<br> <b>Methods:</b> The expression levels of Sestrin2, NRF2, and NFATc1 genes were analyzed by real-time PCR in 60 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples, which were divided into three groups: newly diagnosed AS patients, AS patients receiving etanercept (Etanercept group), and healthy control individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 software. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br> <b>Results:</b> NRF2 gene expression was increased in the newly diagnosed AS group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). It was also increased in the etanercept group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of the other two genes (SESN2 and NFATc1) in the etanercept group were higher than those in both the newly diagnosed and control groups; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: The expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of inflammation increased following treatment with etanercept. These results suggest that, in addition to its inhibitory effects on the TNF-&alpha; pathway, etanercept may also influence the expression of genes involved in the control of inflammatory processes.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells, Nuclear Factor E2 Related Factor 2, Sestrins 25 28 http://mlj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-836-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Faghhian zahrafaghhian@gmail.com 100319475328460032322 100319475328460032322 No Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Jahanbakhsh Asadi ja_asadi52@yahoo.com 100319475328460032323 0009-0004-8333-3026 No Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Mehrdad Aghaei mehrdadaghaie@yahoo.com 100319475328460032324 100319475328460032324 No Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Masoomeh Gholizadeh aaaaa@yahoo.com 100319475328460032325 100319475328460032325 No Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Negin Esmaeili aaab@yahoo.com 100319475328460032326 100319475328460032326 No Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Koushan Sineh Sepehr koushan2520@gmail.com 100319475328460032327 100319475328460032327 Yes Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Zahra Hesari hesari7@yahoo.com 100319475328460032328 100319475328460032328 No Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran